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Anchors

ANCHORS

Admiralty Pattern Anchor :-
Sometimes referred to as a ‘fisherman’s’anchor,this design is still popular within the fishing industry .It has been in use for many years,but because it has difficult stowage characteristics,e.g.cannot be stowed flat with the stock in position,it has been followed by more manageable designs.Once let go,the stock,lying at right-angles to the direction of the arms/flukes,causes a fluke to dig into the sea bed.This leaves the remaining fluke exposed,and the cable may often foul it when the vessel swings.When the anchor is not in use,the forelock in the stock can be unshipped,permitting the stock to be stowed parallel to the shank. The holding power of this anchor is generally considered to be very good indeed.The design is such that the stock is longer and heavier than the arms.This lends itself to the theory that the stock will be dragged flat along the sea bed,causing one of the flukes to bury itself.The angle of the stock would also be expected to turn the flukes in the direction of the sea bed as the anchor strikes the bottom.It is interesting to note that the longer the shank on these anchors the better it holds. The weight of the stock must be equal to 25 per cent of the weight of the anchor itself.Some stocks are designed straight if the weight of the anchor is over 12cwt (610kg),but a bent stock,would be encountered on anchors below this weight. The holding power of this common anchor will be,roughly speaking, three to four times its weight,depending on the nature of the sea bottom. It is unlikely to be seen on board merchant vessels,except possiblyas a kedge anchor.The weight in any event would rarely exceed two tonnes.

The Stockless Anchor :-

This is by far the most popular anchor in general use today,its principal parts .The head of the anchor is secured to the shank by a hinged bolt which allows the arms to form an angle of up to 45°with the shank.Further rotation of the arms are prevented by the head meeting the shank,at the built-in stops.The head of the anchor is comprised of the flukes,the arms,and the crown,which are manufactured from cast steel, whereas the shank is made of cast steel or forged iron.The hinge bolt and the shackle are made of forged iron.The stockless anchor’s greatest advantage is its close stowing properties and is easily housed in the hawse pipe when not in use.It is easily handled for all anchor operations,and made anchor beds (used with the close stowing anchor) obsolete. The overall size of these anchors will vary between individual ship’s needs but the head must be at least three-fifths of the total weight of the anchor. Holding power again varies depending on the nature of the bottom but,as a rule of thumb,it may be considered to be up to three times its own weight. The mariner should be aware that the rotation action of the moving arm may cause the anchor to become choked when on the sea bed so that the arms/flukes are not angled to the full amount and therefore losing the holding power effect.

Admiralty Cast Anchor :-

Used extensively as a bower anchor for warships,this anchor,because of good holding properties,has become very popular with the merchant service .With the increase in size of ships – the large tankers of today,for example – shipowners required an anchor with greater holding power.The AC Type 14,as it was called,was developed in the United Kingdom and has the required properties.Tests showed that it had more than twice the holding power of a conventional stockless anchor of the same weight.With such an obvious advantage,Lloyds Classification Society granted a 25 per cent reduction in regulation weight.The holding properties of this anchor are directly related to the pre-fabricated construction of the fluke area,the angle of which operates up to 35°to the shank.The angle of the flukes is made possible by a similar operation as with the stockless anchor,in which a hinge pin passes through the shank in the crown of the anchor.

CQR :-

the CQR sometimes referred to as a ‘Ploughshare’anchor or,in the United States,just as a plough anchor.It is generally used as a mooring anchor,especially for the smaller type of vessel.Holding power is again dependent on the type of ground that the anchor is bedding into but has been found to be very good.It also has extremely good resistance to drag.Like the Admiralty Pattern,it is difficult to stow.The design has been modified since its invention to incorporate a stock,and is often used as a mooring anchor .The CQR was a British invention by scientist Sir Geoffrey Taylor,who was a man with little boating experience.The design showed that the application of basic principles can sometimes improve on practical experience.Small-boat owners tend to have the choice of two anchors on the market,namely the Danforth and the CQR.Both anchors have reasonable holding power but the Danforth may have a tendency to glide whereas the CQR will not. For easier handling and stowing the Danforth would be more popular, but if it is decided to use an anchor for the job it was meant for,preference is generally given to the CQR

MARITIME IDENTIFICATION DIGITS

Maritime identification digits are used by
radio communication facilities to identify
their home country or base area in Digital
Selective Calling (DSC), Automatic
Transmitter Identification System (ATIS), and Automatic Identification System (AIS) messages as part of their Maritime Mobile Service Identities . The International Telecommunication Union facilitates the assignment of MIDs to countries.  This is a
comprehensive list of MIDs that each
country around the world uses. Note that not all countries have MIDs; such countries are
typically landlocked, with no access to
international waters. Sorting MID
assignments in numerical order reveals a
regional structure, with the first digit 2
assigned to Europe , 3 to North America and
the Caribbean Sea, 4 to Asia (not the
southeast), 5 to the Pacific and Eastern
Indian Oceans and Southeast Asia, 6 to
Africa, the Atlantic and Western Indian
Oceans, and 7 to South America .

Country
Codes

Adelie Land (French Southern Territories )
501
Afghanistan
401
Alaska (State of)
303
Albania (Republic of)
201
Algeria (People's Democratic Republic of)
605
American Samoa
559
Andorra (Principality of)
202
Angola (Republic of)
603
Anguilla
301
Antigua and Barbuda
304, 305
Argentine Republic
701
Armenia (Republic of)
216
Aruba
307
Ascension Island
608
Australia
503
Austria
203
Azerbaijani Republic
423
Azores (Portuguese isles of)
204
Bahamas (Commonwealth of the)
308, 309, 311
Bahrain (Kingdom of)
408
Bangladesh (People's Republic of)
405
Barbados
314
Belarus (Republic of)
206
Belgium
205
Belize
312
Benin (Republic of)
610
Bermuda
310
Bhutan (Kingdom of)
410
Bolivia (Republic of)
720
Bosnia and Herzegovina
478
Botswana (Republic of)
611
Brazil (Federative Republic of)
710
British Virgin Islands
378
Brunei Darussalam
508
Bulgaria (Republic of)
207
Burkina Faso
633
Burundi (Republic of)
609
Cambodia (Kingdom of)
514, 515
Cameroon (Republic of)
613
Canada
316
Cape Verde (Republic of)
617
Cayman Islands
319
Central African Republic
612
Chad (Republic of)
670
Chile
725
China (People's Republic of)
412, 413, 414
Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)
516
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
523
Colombia (Republic of)
730
Comoros (Union of the)
616
Congo (Republic of the)
615
Cook Islands
518
Costa Rica
321
Côte d'Ivoire (Republic of)
619
Croatia (Republic of)
238
Crozet Archipelago
618
Cuba
323
Cyprus (Republic of)
209, 210, 212
Czech Republic
270
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
445
Democratic Republic of the Congo
676
Denmark
219, 220
Djibouti (Republic of)
621
Dominica (Commonwealth of)
325
Dominican Republic
327
Ecuador
735
Egypt (Arab Republic of)
622
El Salvador (Republic of)
359
Equatorial Guinea (Republic of)
631
Eritrea
625
Estonia (Republic of)
276
Ethiopia (Federal Democratic Republic of)
624
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
740
Faroe Islands
231
Fiji (Republic of)
520
Finland
230
France
226, 227, 228
French Polynesia
546
Gabonese Republic
626
Gambia (Republic of the)
629
Georgia
213
Germany (Federal Republic of)
211, 218
Ghana
627
Gibraltar
236
Greece
237, 239, 240, 241
Greenland
331
Grenada
330
Guadeloupe (French Department of)
329
Guatemala (Republic of)
332
Guiana (French Department of)
745
Guinea (Republic of)
632
Guinea-Bissau (Republic of)
630
Guyana
750
Haiti (Republic of)
336
Honduras (Republic of)
334
Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region
of China)
477
Hungary (Republic of)
243
Iceland
251
India (Republic of)
419
Indonesia (Republic of)
525
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
422
Iraq (Republic of)
425
Ireland
250
Israel (State of)
428
Italy
247
Jamaica
339
Japan
431, 432
Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of)
438
Kazakhstan (Republic of)
436
Kenya (Republic of)
634
Kerguelen Islands
635
Kiribati (Republic of)
529
Korea (Republic of)
440, 441
Kuwait (State of)
447
Kyrgyzstan
451
Laos
531
Lao People's Democratic Republic
531
Latvia (Republic of)
275
Lebanon
450
Lesotho (Kingdom of)
644
Liberia (Republic of)
636, 637
Liechtenstein (Principality of)
252
Lithuania (Republic of)
277
Luxembourg
253
Macao
453
Macedonia (Republic of)
274
Madagascar (Republic of)
647
Madeira (Portuguese isles of)
255
Malawi
655
Malaysia
533
Maldives (Republic of)
455
Mali (Republic of)
649
Malta
215, 229, 248, 249, 256
Marshall Islands (Republic of the)
538
Martinique (French Department of)
347
Mauritania (Islamic Republic of)
654
Mauritius (Republic of)
645
Mexico
345
Micronesia (Federated States of)
510
Moldova (Republic of)
214
Monaco (Principality of)
254
Mongolia
457
Montenegro (Republic of)
262
Montserrat
348
Morocco (Kingdom of)
242
Mozambique (Republic of)
650
Myanmar (Union of)
506
Namibia (Republic of)
659
Nauru (Republic of)
544
Nepal
459
Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
244, 245, 246
Netherlands Antilles
306
New Caledonia
540
New Zealand
512
Nicaragua
350
Niger (Republic of the)
656
Nigeria (Federal Republic of)
657
Niue
542
Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth
of the)
536
Norway
257, 258, 259
Oman (Sultanate of)
461
Pakistan (Islamic Republic of)
463
Palau (Republic of)
511
Palestinian Authority (based on Resolution
99 of PP-98)
443
Panama (Republic of)
351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 370, 371,
372, 373
Papua New Guinea
553
Paraguay (Republic of)
755
Peru
760
Philippines (Republic of the)
548
Pitcairn Island
555
Poland (Republic of)
261
Portugal
263
Puerto Rico
358
Qatar (State of)
466
Réunion (French Department of)
660
Romania
264
Russian Federation
273
Rwandese Republic
661
Saint Helena
665
Saint Kitts and Nevis
341
Saint Lucia
343
Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands
607
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial
Collectivity of)
361
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
375, 376, 377
Samoa (Independent State of)
561
San Marino (Republic of)
268
São Tomé and Príncipe (Democratic
Republic of)
668
Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of)
403
Senegal (Republic of)
663
Serbia
279
Seychelles (Republic of)
664
Sierra Leone
667
Singapore (Republic of)
563, 564, 565, 566
Slovakia
267
Slovenia (Republic of)
278
Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
642
Solomon Islands
557
Somali Democratic Republic
666
South Africa (Republic of)
601
Spain
224, 225
Sri Lanka (Democratic Socialist Republic
of)
417
Sudan (Republic of the)
662
Suriname (Republic of)
765
Swaziland (Kingdom of)
669
Sweden
265, 266
Switzerland (Confederation of)
269
Syrian Arab Republic
468
Taiwan (Republic of China)
416
Tanzania (United Republic of)
674, 677
Thailand
567
Togolese Republic
671
Tonga (Kingdom of)
570
Trinidad and Tobago
362
Tunisia
672
Turkey
271
Turkmenistan
434
Turks and Caicos Islands
364
Tuvalu
572
Uganda (Republic of)
675
Ukraine
272
United Arab Emirates
470
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
232, 233, 234, 235
United States Virgin Islands
379
United States of America
338, 366, 367, 368, 369
Uruguay (Eastern Republic of)
770
Uzbekistan
437
Vanuatu (Republic of)
576, 577
Vatican City State
208
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
775
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)
574
Wallis and Futuna Islands
578
Yemen (Republic of)
473, 475
Zambia (Republic of)
678
Zimbabwe (Republic of)
679