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ஞாயிறு, 15 டிசம்பர், 2013
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திங்கள், 18 நவம்பர், 2013
Anchors
ANCHORS
Admiralty Pattern Anchor :-
Sometimes referred to as a ‘fisherman’s’anchor,this design is still popular within the fishing industry .It has been in use for many years,but because it has difficult stowage characteristics,e.g.cannot be stowed flat with the stock in position,it has been followed by more manageable designs.Once let go,the stock,lying at right-angles to the direction of the arms/flukes,causes a fluke to dig into the sea bed.This leaves the remaining fluke exposed,and the cable may often foul it when the vessel swings.When the anchor is not in use,the forelock in the stock can be unshipped,permitting the stock to be stowed parallel to the shank. The holding power of this anchor is generally considered to be very good indeed.The design is such that the stock is longer and heavier than the arms.This lends itself to the theory that the stock will be dragged flat along the sea bed,causing one of the flukes to bury itself.The angle of the stock would also be expected to turn the flukes in the direction of the sea bed as the anchor strikes the bottom.It is interesting to note that the longer the shank on these anchors the better it holds. The weight of the stock must be equal to 25 per cent of the weight of the anchor itself.Some stocks are designed straight if the weight of the anchor is over 12cwt (610kg),but a bent stock,would be encountered on anchors below this weight. The holding power of this common anchor will be,roughly speaking, three to four times its weight,depending on the nature of the sea bottom. It is unlikely to be seen on board merchant vessels,except possiblyas a kedge anchor.The weight in any event would rarely exceed two tonnes.
The Stockless Anchor :-
This is by far the most popular anchor in general use today,its principal parts .The head of the anchor is secured to the shank by a hinged bolt which allows the arms to form an angle of up to 45°with the shank.Further rotation of the arms are prevented by the head meeting the shank,at the built-in stops.The head of the anchor is comprised of the flukes,the arms,and the crown,which are manufactured from cast steel, whereas the shank is made of cast steel or forged iron.The hinge bolt and the shackle are made of forged iron.The stockless anchor’s greatest advantage is its close stowing properties and is easily housed in the hawse pipe when not in use.It is easily handled for all anchor operations,and made anchor beds (used with the close stowing anchor) obsolete. The overall size of these anchors will vary between individual ship’s needs but the head must be at least three-fifths of the total weight of the anchor. Holding power again varies depending on the nature of the bottom but,as a rule of thumb,it may be considered to be up to three times its own weight. The mariner should be aware that the rotation action of the moving arm may cause the anchor to become choked when on the sea bed so that the arms/flukes are not angled to the full amount and therefore losing the holding power effect.
Admiralty Cast Anchor :-
Used extensively as a bower anchor for warships,this anchor,because of good holding properties,has become very popular with the merchant service .With the increase in size of ships – the large tankers of today,for example – shipowners required an anchor with greater holding power.The AC Type 14,as it was called,was developed in the United Kingdom and has the required properties.Tests showed that it had more than twice the holding power of a conventional stockless anchor of the same weight.With such an obvious advantage,Lloyds Classification Society granted a 25 per cent reduction in regulation weight.The holding properties of this anchor are directly related to the pre-fabricated construction of the fluke area,the angle of which operates up to 35°to the shank.The angle of the flukes is made possible by a similar operation as with the stockless anchor,in which a hinge pin passes through the shank in the crown of the anchor.
CQR :-
the CQR sometimes referred to as a ‘Ploughshare’anchor or,in the United States,just as a plough anchor.It is generally used as a mooring anchor,especially for the smaller type of vessel.Holding power is again dependent on the type of ground that the anchor is bedding into but has been found to be very good.It also has extremely good resistance to drag.Like the Admiralty Pattern,it is difficult to stow.The design has been modified since its invention to incorporate a stock,and is often used as a mooring anchor .The CQR was a British invention by scientist Sir Geoffrey Taylor,who was a man with little boating experience.The design showed that the application of basic principles can sometimes improve on practical experience.Small-boat owners tend to have the choice of two anchors on the market,namely the Danforth and the CQR.Both anchors have reasonable holding power but the Danforth may have a tendency to glide whereas the CQR will not. For easier handling and stowing the Danforth would be more popular, but if it is decided to use an anchor for the job it was meant for,preference is generally given to the CQR
வெள்ளி, 18 அக்டோபர், 2013
MARITIME IDENTIFICATION DIGITS
Maritime identification digits are used by
radio communication facilities to identify
their home country or base area in Digital
Selective Calling (DSC), Automatic
Transmitter Identification System (ATIS), and Automatic Identification System (AIS) messages as part of their Maritime Mobile Service Identities . The International Telecommunication Union facilitates the assignment of MIDs to countries. This is a
comprehensive list of MIDs that each
country around the world uses. Note that not all countries have MIDs; such countries are
typically landlocked, with no access to
international waters. Sorting MID
assignments in numerical order reveals a
regional structure, with the first digit 2
assigned to Europe , 3 to North America and
the Caribbean Sea, 4 to Asia (not the
southeast), 5 to the Pacific and Eastern
Indian Oceans and Southeast Asia, 6 to
Africa, the Atlantic and Western Indian
Oceans, and 7 to South America .
Country
Codes
Adelie Land (French Southern Territories )
501
Afghanistan
401
Alaska (State of)
303
Albania (Republic of)
201
Algeria (People's Democratic Republic of)
605
American Samoa
559
Andorra (Principality of)
202
Angola (Republic of)
603
Anguilla
301
Antigua and Barbuda
304, 305
Argentine Republic
701
Armenia (Republic of)
216
Aruba
307
Ascension Island
608
Australia
503
Austria
203
Azerbaijani Republic
423
Azores (Portuguese isles of)
204
Bahamas (Commonwealth of the)
308, 309, 311
Bahrain (Kingdom of)
408
Bangladesh (People's Republic of)
405
Barbados
314
Belarus (Republic of)
206
Belgium
205
Belize
312
Benin (Republic of)
610
Bermuda
310
Bhutan (Kingdom of)
410
Bolivia (Republic of)
720
Bosnia and Herzegovina
478
Botswana (Republic of)
611
Brazil (Federative Republic of)
710
British Virgin Islands
378
Brunei Darussalam
508
Bulgaria (Republic of)
207
Burkina Faso
633
Burundi (Republic of)
609
Cambodia (Kingdom of)
514, 515
Cameroon (Republic of)
613
Canada
316
Cape Verde (Republic of)
617
Cayman Islands
319
Central African Republic
612
Chad (Republic of)
670
Chile
725
China (People's Republic of)
412, 413, 414
Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)
516
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
523
Colombia (Republic of)
730
Comoros (Union of the)
616
Congo (Republic of the)
615
Cook Islands
518
Costa Rica
321
Côte d'Ivoire (Republic of)
619
Croatia (Republic of)
238
Crozet Archipelago
618
Cuba
323
Cyprus (Republic of)
209, 210, 212
Czech Republic
270
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
445
Democratic Republic of the Congo
676
Denmark
219, 220
Djibouti (Republic of)
621
Dominica (Commonwealth of)
325
Dominican Republic
327
Ecuador
735
Egypt (Arab Republic of)
622
El Salvador (Republic of)
359
Equatorial Guinea (Republic of)
631
Eritrea
625
Estonia (Republic of)
276
Ethiopia (Federal Democratic Republic of)
624
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
740
Faroe Islands
231
Fiji (Republic of)
520
Finland
230
France
226, 227, 228
French Polynesia
546
Gabonese Republic
626
Gambia (Republic of the)
629
Georgia
213
Germany (Federal Republic of)
211, 218
Ghana
627
Gibraltar
236
Greece
237, 239, 240, 241
Greenland
331
Grenada
330
Guadeloupe (French Department of)
329
Guatemala (Republic of)
332
Guiana (French Department of)
745
Guinea (Republic of)
632
Guinea-Bissau (Republic of)
630
Guyana
750
Haiti (Republic of)
336
Honduras (Republic of)
334
Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region
of China)
477
Hungary (Republic of)
243
Iceland
251
India (Republic of)
419
Indonesia (Republic of)
525
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
422
Iraq (Republic of)
425
Ireland
250
Israel (State of)
428
Italy
247
Jamaica
339
Japan
431, 432
Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of)
438
Kazakhstan (Republic of)
436
Kenya (Republic of)
634
Kerguelen Islands
635
Kiribati (Republic of)
529
Korea (Republic of)
440, 441
Kuwait (State of)
447
Kyrgyzstan
451
Laos
531
Lao People's Democratic Republic
531
Latvia (Republic of)
275
Lebanon
450
Lesotho (Kingdom of)
644
Liberia (Republic of)
636, 637
Liechtenstein (Principality of)
252
Lithuania (Republic of)
277
Luxembourg
253
Macao
453
Macedonia (Republic of)
274
Madagascar (Republic of)
647
Madeira (Portuguese isles of)
255
Malawi
655
Malaysia
533
Maldives (Republic of)
455
Mali (Republic of)
649
Malta
215, 229, 248, 249, 256
Marshall Islands (Republic of the)
538
Martinique (French Department of)
347
Mauritania (Islamic Republic of)
654
Mauritius (Republic of)
645
Mexico
345
Micronesia (Federated States of)
510
Moldova (Republic of)
214
Monaco (Principality of)
254
Mongolia
457
Montenegro (Republic of)
262
Montserrat
348
Morocco (Kingdom of)
242
Mozambique (Republic of)
650
Myanmar (Union of)
506
Namibia (Republic of)
659
Nauru (Republic of)
544
Nepal
459
Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
244, 245, 246
Netherlands Antilles
306
New Caledonia
540
New Zealand
512
Nicaragua
350
Niger (Republic of the)
656
Nigeria (Federal Republic of)
657
Niue
542
Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth
of the)
536
Norway
257, 258, 259
Oman (Sultanate of)
461
Pakistan (Islamic Republic of)
463
Palau (Republic of)
511
Palestinian Authority (based on Resolution
99 of PP-98)
443
Panama (Republic of)
351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 370, 371,
372, 373
Papua New Guinea
553
Paraguay (Republic of)
755
Peru
760
Philippines (Republic of the)
548
Pitcairn Island
555
Poland (Republic of)
261
Portugal
263
Puerto Rico
358
Qatar (State of)
466
Réunion (French Department of)
660
Romania
264
Russian Federation
273
Rwandese Republic
661
Saint Helena
665
Saint Kitts and Nevis
341
Saint Lucia
343
Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands
607
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial
Collectivity of)
361
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
375, 376, 377
Samoa (Independent State of)
561
San Marino (Republic of)
268
São Tomé and Príncipe (Democratic
Republic of)
668
Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of)
403
Senegal (Republic of)
663
Serbia
279
Seychelles (Republic of)
664
Sierra Leone
667
Singapore (Republic of)
563, 564, 565, 566
Slovakia
267
Slovenia (Republic of)
278
Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
642
Solomon Islands
557
Somali Democratic Republic
666
South Africa (Republic of)
601
Spain
224, 225
Sri Lanka (Democratic Socialist Republic
of)
417
Sudan (Republic of the)
662
Suriname (Republic of)
765
Swaziland (Kingdom of)
669
Sweden
265, 266
Switzerland (Confederation of)
269
Syrian Arab Republic
468
Taiwan (Republic of China)
416
Tanzania (United Republic of)
674, 677
Thailand
567
Togolese Republic
671
Tonga (Kingdom of)
570
Trinidad and Tobago
362
Tunisia
672
Turkey
271
Turkmenistan
434
Turks and Caicos Islands
364
Tuvalu
572
Uganda (Republic of)
675
Ukraine
272
United Arab Emirates
470
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
232, 233, 234, 235
United States Virgin Islands
379
United States of America
338, 366, 367, 368, 369
Uruguay (Eastern Republic of)
770
Uzbekistan
437
Vanuatu (Republic of)
576, 577
Vatican City State
208
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
775
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)
574
Wallis and Futuna Islands
578
Yemen (Republic of)
473, 475
Zambia (Republic of)
678
Zimbabwe (Republic of)
679
ஞாயிறு, 13 அக்டோபர், 2013
SHIP MEASUREMENTS
Ship measurements consist of a multitude of terms and definitions specifically related to ships.
Definitions
Beam:
The width of the ship
Complement :
The full number of people required to operate a ship. Includes officers
and crewmembers; does not include
passengers. For warships , the number of
people assigned to a ship in peacetime may be considerably less than her full
complement.
Cube :
The cargo carrying capacity of a ship,
measured in cubic feet. There are two
common types:
Bale Cube (or Bale Capacity )-
The space available for cargo measured in cubic feet to the inside of the cargo battens, on the frames, and to the underside of the beams.
It is a measurement of capacity for cargo
in bales, on pallets, etc., where the cargo
does not conform to the shape of the ship.
Grain Cube (or Grain Capacity )-
The maximum space available for cargo
measured in cubic feet, the measurement
being taken to the inside of the shell
plating of the ship or to the outside of the
frames and to the top of the beam or
underside of the deck plating. It is a
measurement of capacity for cargo like
grain, where the cargo flows to conform to the shape of the ship.
Displacement -
A measurement of the weight
of the vessel, usually used for warships.
(Merchant ships are usually measured based
on the volume of cargo space; see tonnage ).
Displacement is expressed either in long
tons of 2,240 pounds or metric tonnes of
1,000 kg. Since the two units are very close
in size (2,240 pounds = 1,016 kg and 1,000
kg = 2,205 pounds), it is common not to
distinguish between them. To preserve
secrecy, nations sometimes misstate a
warship's displacement.
Displacement, Light
The weight of the ship excluding cargo, fuel, ballast, stores,passengers, and crew, but with water in the
boilers to steaming level.
Displacement, Loaded
The weight of the
ship including cargo, passengers, fuel,
water, stores, dunnage and such other
items necessary for use on a voyage,
which brings the vessel down to her load
draft.
Deadweight Tons (DWT)
The difference between displacement, light and displacement, loaded . A measure of the ship's total carrying capacity.
Cargo Deadweight Tons
The weight remaining after deducting fuel, water,stores, dunnage and such other items necessary for use on a voyage from the
deadweight of the vessel.
Draft, Loaded
The depth of water necessary
to float a vessel fully loaded.
Length - The distance between the
forwardmost and aftermost parts of the ship.
Length Overall (L.O.A.) -
The maximum
length of the ship
Length at Waterline (L.W.L.) -
The ship's
length measured at the waterline
Shaft Horsepower (SHP) -
The amount of
mechanical power delivered by the engine to a propeller shaft. One horsepower is equivalent to 746 watts in the SI system of units.
Ton -
The unit of measure often used in
specifying the size of a ship. There are three completely unrelated definitions for the word. One of them refers to weight, while the others refer to volume.
Measurement Ton or Ship Ton Calculated
as 40 cubic feet of cargo space.
(Abbreviated M/T).
See Bale Cubic -
example, a vessel having capacity of
10,000 M/T has a bale cubic of 400,000
cubic ft.
Register Ton -
A measurement of cargo
carrying capacity in cubic feet. One
register ton is equivalent to 100 cubic feet of cargo space.
Weight Ton -
Calculated as a long ton
(2,240 pounds) (abbreviated W/T)
Tonnage - A measurement of the cargo-
carrying capacity of merchant vessels. It
depends on not on weight, but on the volume available for carrying cargo. The basic units of measure are the Register Ton , equivalent to 100 cubic feet, and the Measurement Ton , equivalent to 40 cubic feet. The calculation
of tonnage is complicated by many technical factors.
Gross Tons -
The entire internal cubic
capacity of the ship expressed in tons of
100 cubic feet to the ton, except certain
spaces with are exempted such as: peak
and other tanks for water ballast, open
forecastle bridge and poop, access of
hatchways, certain light and air spaces,
domes of skylights, condenser, anchor
gear, steering gear, wheel house, galley
and cabin for passengers.
Net Tons -
Obtained from the gross
tonnage by deducting crew and navigating
spaces and allowances for propulsion
machinery.
வியாழன், 10 அக்டோபர், 2013
SHIP DETAILS
ABAFT :
Toward the stern of a ship;
back; behind; back of; further aft than.
ABEAM :
At right angles to the keel.
ABOARD :
On or in a ship.
ABREAST :
Side by side; over against;
opposite to.
ACCOMMODATION LADDER :
Stairs slung at the gangway, leading down the vessel's side to a point near the water, for ship access from small boats.
AFT :
Near the stern; toward the stern.
AFTER BODY :
That portion of a ship's
body aft of the midship section.
AFTER FRAMES :
Frames aft of
amidships, or frames near the stern of
the ship.
AFTER PEAK :
The aftermost tank or
compartment forward of the stern post.
AFTER PERPENDICULAR :
A line
perpendicular to the base line
intersecting the after edge of the stern
post at the designed water line. On
submarines or ships having a similar
stern, it is a vertical line passing
through the point where the designed
water line intersects the stern of the
ship.
AIR CASING :
A ring-shaped plate
coaming surrounding the stack and
fitted at the deck just below the
umbrella, to protect the deck from heat
and to help ventilate the fireroom.
AIRCRAFT CARRIER :
A vessel designed
to carry aircraft and fitted with a flying
deck from which aircraft are launched
and on which they land. A floating
flying field which usually operates as a
unit of a fleet.
AIR PORT :
An opening in the side or
deck house of a vessel, usually round
in shape and fitted with a hinged frame
in which a thick glass is secured. The
purpose of the air port is to provide
light and ventilation to and vision from
the interior of the ship. In some
instances the air port is also provided
with an additional solid metal hinged
cover for purposes of protection of the
interior should the glass be damaged or
to prevent light from showing from
within.
ALOFT :
In the top or upper rigging; on
the yards; above the decks.
AMIDSHIPS :
In the vicinity of the
middle portion of a vessel as
distinguished from her ends. The term
is used to convey the idea of general
locality but not that of definite extent.
ANCHOR :
A heavy iron or steel
implement attached to a vessel by
means of a rope or chain cable for
holding it at rest in the water. When an
anchor is lowered to the bottom, the
drag on the cable causes one or more
of the prongs, called flukes, to sink into
or engage the ground which provides
holding power.
* Ring (Shackle) - Device used to
attach the anchor chain to the shank of
the anchor. The ring is secured to the
top of the shank with a riveted pin.
* Shank - The long center part of the
anchor running between the ring and
the crown.
* Crown - The lower section of the
anchor to which the shank is secured.
The shank is fitted to the crown with
(on some anchors) a pivot or ball-and-
socket joint that allows a movement
from 30o to 45o either way.
* Stock - a crossmember, spar, or rod,
that rolls the anchor into an attitude
that enables the flukes to dig into the
sea bed. Most newer anchors are
stockless.
* Arms - The parts that extend from
each side of the crown.
* Throat - The inner part of an arm
where it joins the shank.
* Fluke or Palm - The broad shield part
of the anchor that extends upward from
the arms.
* Blade - That part of the arm extending
outward below the fluke.
* Bill or Pea - Tip of the palm or fluke.
* Cup - on a Mushroom Anchor, the
round ground-holding portion
corresponding to the fluke of other
designs
ANCHOR'S ACOCKBILL:
when the
anchor is suspended perpendicularly
from the cathead, ready to be let go.
ANCHOR'S APEAK -
when the anchor
cable is drawn in so tight as to bring
the ship directly over it.
ANCHOR'S ATRIP -
when the anchor is
lifted out of the ground. Same as
"Anchor's Aweigh".
ANCHOR'S AWASH -
when the anchor
is hove up to the surface of the water.
ANCHOR'S AWEIGH -
said of an
anchor, during the weighing (raising) of
the anchor, when just clear of the
bottom
ANCHOR BALL -
a round black shape
hoisted in the forepart of a vessel to
show that it is at anchor
ANCHOR BELL -
a warning bell
mounted on the foredeck and rung
while at anchor in foggy conditions
ANCHOR BEND -
a very secure knot
used to tie rode to anchor
ANCHOR DETAIL -
a group of men who
handle ground tackle when the ship is
anchoring or getting underway
ANCHOR, BOWER :
The large anchors
carried in the bow of a vessel. Three
are usually carried, two (the main
bowers) in the hawse pipes, or on bill
boards, and a third (spare) lashed on
deck or elsewhere about the vessel for
use in the event either of the main
bowers is lost. The weight varies with
the size and service of the ship.
ANCHOR BRAKE:
The anchor brake, as
the name implies, is a friction brake
designed to stop, or hold, the shaft
thereby preventing the anchor from
dropping.
ANCHOR BUOY:
A small buoy
occasionally used to mark the position
of the anchor when on the bottom;
usually painted green (starboard) or red
(port), and secured to the crown of the
anchor by a buoy rope.
ANCHOR CHAIN -
chain attached to the
anchor. The chain acts partially as a
weight to keep the anchor lying next to
the ground so that it can hold better.
ANCHOR CHOCKS -
deck fittings for
storing the anchor
ANCHOR ICE -
ice of any kind that is
aground in the sea
ANCHOR, KEDGE :
A small anchor used
for warping or kedging. It is usually
planted from a small boat, the vessel
being hauled up toward it. The weight
varies, being usually from 900 to 1,200
pounds.
ANCHOR LIGHT -
a white light
displayed by a boat or ship at anchor.
Two such lights are displayed by a ship
over 150 feet (46 m) in length, Also
called a riding light.
ANCHOR POCKET -
a recess in the bow
for storing an anchor; also called a
billboard
ANCHOR, SEA :
This is not a true
anchor, as it does not sink to the
bottom. It is a conical-shaped canvas
bag required by the Steamboat
Inspection Service to be carried in each
lifeboat. When placed overboard it
serves a double purpose in keeping the
boat head-on into the sea and in
spreading a vegetable or animal oil
from a container placed inside the bag.
It is sometimes called an oil spreader.
ANCHOR, STREAM :
An anchor
weighing from about one-fourth to one-
third the weight of the main bowers and
used when mooring in a narrow channel
or harbor to prevent the vessel's stern
from swinging with the current or the
tide.
ANCHOR WATCH -
making sure the
anchor is holding and that the boat is
not drifting. Important during rough
weather and at night. Most marine GPS
units have an Anchor Watch alarm
capability.
ANEMOMETER -
an instrument for
measuring the speed of the wind
ANEROID BAROMETER -
an instrument
that determines atmospheric pressure
by the effect of such pressure on a thin-
metal cylinder from which the air has
been partly exhausted
ANGLE OF ATTACK -
the angle between
the chord of a sail and the relative wind
or between the chord of a hydrofoil
such as a keel or rudder and a vector
line representing the true path through
the water, taking the amount of sideslip
or leeway into account. The term
applies to a sail only when the relative
wind is forward of the beam.
ANGLE :
Same as angle bar.
ANGLE BAR :
A bar of angle-shaped
section used as a stiffener and for
attachment of one plate or shape to
another.
ANGLE BULB :
A structural shape
having a bulb on one flange of the
angle, used as a frame, beam, or
stiffener.
ANGLE COLLAR :
A collar or band made
of one or more pieces of angle bar and
fitted tightly around a pipe, trunk, frame,
longitudinal, or stiffener intersecting or
projecting through a bulkhead or deck
for the purposes of making a watertight
or oil tight joint. See Stapling.
ANGLE OF SAIL -
the angle between the
vessel's compass course and the true
wind
ANTI-FOULING -
a type of paint that is
resistant to barnacles, moss, seaweed,
marine grass and various other plant
and animal life that would want to
adhere to a vessel's hull and slow or
damage the hull. There are four basic
types: ablative, sloughing, modified
epoxy, and vinyl, all of which usually
contain copper biocide.
ANTITRADES -
the prevailing westerly
winds of the middle latitudes. The
winds to the north of the trade winds
which blow in the opposite direction
Since the early square rigged ships
could not sail to weather, they had to
cross to the New World on the trades or
tradewinds, and return by a more
Northerly route in the antitrades
ANNEAL :
To heat a metal and to cool it
in such a fashion as to toughen and
soften it. Brass or copper is annealed
by heating to a cherry red and dipping
suddenly into water while hot. Iron or
steel is slowly cooled from the heated
condition to anneal.
Anti-trip Chine - a flared out aft section
of the side and bottom of a boat. The
purpose is to prevent the hard chine of
the boat catching a wake or small wave
on a sharp turn.
Apeak or Apeek - 1. more or less
vertical. (You may hold your oars
apeak, raise your gaff apeak or be
apeak your anchor. 2. (of a dropped
anchor) as nearly vertical as possible
without being free of the bottom. 3. (of
an anchored vessel) having the anchor
cable as nearly vertical as possible
without freeing the anchor. Sometimes
it is necessary to do this in order to let
wave action break the anchor loose.
Aport - on or toward the port side of a
ship; as in: “Come ten degrees aport.”
Apparent Horizon - the plane where the
earth or water and sky seem to meet
Apparent Time - the time of day
indicated by the hour angle of the sun;
i.e. apparent noon locally would be the
moment when the sun is at its zenith. A
properly mounted sundial indicates
apparent time. The concept is employed
when making navigation calculations. A
sun sight at noon and a simple
calculation can produce a very accurate
line of longitude
Apparent Wind - the direction and
velocity of the wind relative to the
speed and direction of the boat which is
derived from the True Wind and Wind of
Motion
APPENDAGES :
Relatively small
portions of a vessel extending beyond
its main outline as shown by transverse
and water plane sections, including
such items as shafting, struts,
bossings, docking and bilge keels,
propellers, rudder, and any other
feature, extraneous to the hull and
generally immersed.
Apron - a timber fitted abaft the stem to
re-enforce the stem and give a
sufficient surface on which to land the
hood ends of the planks
ARBOR :
The principal axis member, or
spindle, of a machine by which a
motion of revolution is transmitted.
ARCHING :
Sometimes used in lieu of
"hogging".
Arc of Visibility - the portion of the
horizon over which a lighted aid to
navigation is visible from seaward
Arctic Ocean - the northern polar ocean
north of Alaska, Canada, Russia,
Greenland, etc.
AREA OF SECTIONS :
The area of any
cross section of the immersed portion
of a vessel, the cross section being
taken at right angles to the fore and aft
centerline of the vessel.
Argosy - an extremely large ship or
fleet of ships, especially merchant
ships. (archaic)
Arm - 1. a branching waterway from a
harbor or bay 2. The crosspiece of an
anchor from the crown to flukes
Armada - a fleet of warships
Arming - tallow or other sticky
substance placed in the recess at the
lower end of a sounding lead for
obtaining a sample of the bottom
Ash Can - World War II slang for a depth
charge
Ashore - On shore or beach; as in,
"Send someone ashore to find fresh
water."
Aspect Ratio - the relationship between
the height of a sail and its breadth. i.e.
A sail with a height of 30' and a breadth
of 20' has an aspect ratio of 3:2. A tall
and narrow sail is said to have a high
aspect ratio.
Astarboard - in or toward the direction
of the right side of the ship when facing
forward, as in: "Pass the marker, then
turn hard astarboard."
ASTERN :
Signifying position, in the rear
of or abaft the stern; as regards motion,
the opposite of going ahead;
backwards.
Astrolabe - a primitive portable
insturment used to measure celestial
angles. The predecessor to the sextant.
Astronavigation - Celestial navigation.
Determining your positon by sightings
of celestial bodies.
Astronomical Almanac - a catalogue of
tables showing the location of various
celestial bodies at specific moments in
time throughout the year; consulted by
the navigator in preparation for taking
sights of celestial bodies. Such tables
were known as "The Ephemeris" since
the 18th C. until 1981 when it was
jointly published by the US and Britian.
Atmospherics - interference in reception
of radio communications caused by
natural phenomena such as lightning or
sunspots; as in: “Atmospherics are so
bad I can’t understand his
transmission.”
Atoll - a roughly circular island created
by and of coral, most common in the
South Pacific, surrounding a lagoon
Athwart or Athwartships - at right
angles to the fore and aft or centerline
of a ship. Across, from side to side,
transverse, across the line of a vessel's
course.
Aurora - a luminous phenomena
caused by electrical discharge in the
upper atmosphere
Aurora Australis - an aurora in the
southern hemisphere
Aurora Borealis - an aurora in the
northern hemisphere
Auto Pilot - an electrical automated
steering mechanism used to steer a
preset course based on the apparent
wind. These are expensive and very
susceptible to breakdown, but most
handy when there is not enough wind to
operate a windvane. Compare to
Windvane on this page
Auxiliary - 1. an engine used when
there is no wind or for assistance in
approaching a dock, etc. 2. a tender
carried on deck
Avast! - given as a command to stop,
cease, and desist the action currently
being carried out (archaic term used in
movies)
Awash - setting so low in the water that
the water is constantly washing across
the top surface
Aweigh - the position of the anchor just
as it clears the bottom when raising it
Awl - a pointed wooden or steel tool
used to poke holes in leather and for
unlaying the ply of a rope for splicing
Compare to Marlinespike and Fid
Azimuth - the horizontal direction of a
celestial point from a terrestrial point
Azimuth Circle - a circular sighting
device that fits around the ship's
compass for taking bearings of
terrestrial or celestial bodies
ATHWART :
ATHWARTSHIP :
Reaching across a
vessel, from side to side.
AUXILIARIES :
Various winches,
pumps, motors, engines, etc., required
on a ship, as distinguished from main
propulsive machinery (boilers and
engines on a steam installation).
AWNING :
A roof like canopy of canvas
suspended above a vessel's decks,
bridges, etc., for protection against sun
and weather.
செவ்வாய், 8 அக்டோபர், 2013
FIRST DAY ONBOARD SHIP
THE TEN STEP SERIES. (C)
(Introducing a series of ‘10 Steps to be
followed’ ©. So far, You will not be finding
any such information in a text book)
(Readers can also find the following
in this Blog:
1. Questionnaire Series for
Awareness, Written and Oral
Examination and Other Articles.
2. Seafarer’s Jobs/Address of Shipping
Companies Please Check the
Comments under “MARITIME JOBS
VACANCY REPORTING BY
COMPANIES/BLOGGER/READERS in
the same Blog.)” also find Vacancies
under a separate Heading.)
Step 1.
Know the watch schedule and Duties to be
performed.
Step 2.
Know the Position of your life jacket,
Immersion suit, Your cabin items, escape
route to Boat/Muster Station, Hospital/
Stretcher/First Aid etc. Keep a copy of
Responsibilities pasted inside the door.
Step 3.
Onboard familiarization as per company
check list, Receipt of ISPS Identity Card,
Knowledge of Life Saving Appliances and
Firefighting Appliances, Starting of
Emergency Fire pump, Starting of Life Boat,
Position of International Shore coupling,
Action to be performed during drill etc.
Step 4.
Knowledge of the Company Drug and
Alcohol Policy, Safety Policy, Garbage
management Plan, Action during Oil
Pollution etc.
Step 5.
Know the ISPS Level, Your responsibilities
and action during various ISPS Drills,
Position of ISPS Portable Equipments.
Step 6.
Read Masters/Chief Officer Standing
Orders/Night Orders, Entry in Deck log/Port
Log, Special instruction pertaining to the
port, Expiry time of Shore Leave, Date and
Time of vessel departure etc.
Step 7.
Be aware of Nature of Your crew; know how
to give allowance for Religion, cast, creed,
languages and Culture while dealing with
them. Follow ‘meals timing’.
Step 8.
Do the actions to be done/prioritize the
pending for the week/for the day.
Step 9.
Take a round with the ‘List of Equipments’
and check the expiry date, and also check
the certificate. Know the power supply for
various equipments and switches including
deck light.
Step 10.
Find time to send Inmarsat E- mail id/
Phone ID, ship particulars etc to your home
while you are in local network, so that in
case of any urgency they can contact you,
and also find the cabin of your reliever.
Hope this information are useful to all my
readers.(These ares the points of view of
Author only)
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